Spinel
Spinel first appeared in the 16th century as a term for red gemstones. Its origin is unclear, but it is said to mean sparkling stone (Greek spinos=spark). It has many different colours. Synonyms are lychnis, magnalumoxide or talc spinel.
It is found in Russia, Sri Lanka, Burma, Thailand and the USA. Large red crystals are found in Russia, Afghanistan and Pakistan.
Spinel is cubic and can occur in all colours.
Mineral class of oxides
Formula: MgAl2O4 + Co,Cr,Cu,Fe,Mn,Ti,V,Zn
Mohs hardness: 8
Density: 3.58 - 3.61
Cleavability: imperfect, uneven fracture, brittle
Stroke colour: white
Transparency: transparent
Healing properties
gives constancy, quick to enthuse for something, mood-lifting, gives courage and confidence